Documentation

Works Cited

MLA 9th edition citations for all sources referenced in this research guide.

This page provides MLA 9th edition citations for sources referenced throughout this guide. Entries are organized alphabetically by author's last name or organization name. Use these citations as models and starting points, verify current URLs and publication information before citing in your own work.

For guidance on MLA 9th edition formatting, consult the MLA Handbook, 9th edition (Modern Language Association, 2021), your institution's writing center, or Purdue OWL's MLA guide.

Works Cited

Chang, Jeff. Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. St. Martin's Press, 2005.
Charnas, Dan. The Big Payback: The History of the Business of Hip-Hop. New American Library, 2010.
Cornell University Library. "The Cornell Hip Hop Collection." Cornell University Library, https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/hiphop/.
Cornell University Library. "Hip Hop Party and Event Flyers." Cornell University Library, https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/hiphop/flyers.php.
Harvard University. "Marcyliena H. Morgan Hip Hop Archive & Research Institute." Harvard University, https://sites.harvard.edu/hiphoparchive/.
Katz, Mark. Groove Music: The Art and Culture of the Hip-Hop DJ. Oxford University Press, 2012.
Keyes, Cheryl L. Rap Music and Street Consciousness. University of Illinois Press, 2002.
Library of Congress. "Citizen DJ." Library of Congress Labs, https://citizen-dj.labs.loc.gov/.
McLeod, Kembrew, and Peter DiCola. Creative License: The Law and Culture of Digital Sampling. Duke University Press, 2011.
Music Library Association. "Copyright for Music Librarians." Music Library Association, https://copyright.wp.musiclibraryassoc.org/.
Music Library Association. "Statement on the Copyright Law and Fair Use in Music." Music Library Association, https://copyright.wp.musiclibraryassoc.org/statement-on-the-copyright-law-and-fair-use-in-music/.
PBS. "The Birth of Hip Hop." Fight the Power: How Hip Hop Changed the World, PBS, https://www.pbs.org/video/birth-hip-hop-30qbgw/.
PBS LearningMedia. "Hip Hop, Social Justice, and Grandmaster Flash." Making Black America: Through the Grapevine, PBS LearningMedia, https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/hip-hop-social-justice-grandmaster-flash-video/making-black-america-through-the-grapevine/.
Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. "DJ Kool Herc." Rock & Roll Hall of Fame, https://rockhall.com/inductees/dj-kool-herc/.
Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Wesleyan University Press, 1994.
Schloss, Joseph G. Making Beats: The Art of Sample-Based Hip-Hop. Wesleyan University Press, 2004.
Smithsonian Institution. "Hip-Hop and Rap Across the Smithsonian." Smithsonian Institution, https://www.si.edu/spotlight/hip-hop-rap.
Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture. "Smithsonian Anthology of Hip-Hop and Rap." Smithsonian Institution, https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/publications/smithsonian-anthology-hip-hop-and-rap.
TeachRock. "Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five." TeachRock, https://teachrock.org/people/grandmaster-flash-and-the-furious-five/.
TeachRock. "Inventing a Hip Hop Sound." TeachRock, https://teachrock.org/video/grandmaster-flash-inventing-a-hip-hop-sound-2000/.
United States Copyright Office. "Copyright and Artificial Intelligence." U.S. Copyright Office, https://www.copyright.gov/ai/.
United States Copyright Office. "AI Copyrightability Report." NewsNet, U.S. Copyright Office, 2025, https://www.copyright.gov/newsnet/2025/1060.html.
United States Copyright Office. "The Music Modernization Act." U.S. Copyright Office, https://www.copyright.gov/music-modernization/.
United States Copyright Office. "What Musicians Should Know about Copyright." U.S. Copyright Office, https://www.copyright.gov/engage/musicians/.
Williams, Justin A. Rhymin' and Stealin': Musical Borrowing in Hip-Hop. University of Michigan Press, 2013.

๐Ÿ“ MLA Citation Notes

MLA 9th edition requires hanging indents for works cited entries. In a word processor, format each entry with a 0.5-inch hanging indent. When citing websites, include access dates when content may change. Always verify URLs before submitting. For help with MLA formatting, visit your institution's writing center or consult the MLA Handbook, 9th edition.